發布:2019-05-02 17:00:00編輯:視頻君來源:視頻教程網
知識點:《cargoes》 收集:權姨追 編輯:月季姐姐
本知識點包括:1、cargo和goods有什么區別? 2、back off與back up 與back down的區別? 3、以o結尾變復數 4、求篇函電翻譯 5、中譯英,幫我翻譯一下, 。
cargo ['kɑ:gəu]
n.船貨,貨物
詞形變化:
名詞復數:cargoes
例句與用法:
How long will the discharge of the cargo take?
卸貨需要多久?
This port handles 100 million tons of cargo each year.
這個港口每年貨物吞吐量達1億噸.
The tide had washed up cargo from the wrecked ship.
潮水把遇難船上的貨物沖到了岸邊.
The captured ship and her cargo were condemned.
這艘被俘獲的船及其貨物均被沒收.
The custom impound the whole cargo.
海關扣押了全部的船貨.
A cargo of steel was lost at sea.
有一貨輪的鋼材在海上遺失了.
The ship is discharging the cargo.
船正在卸貨.
cargoes
能做可數名詞也能做不可數名詞,復數通常加 es ,但是美國英語 通常加s .
1.The plural of roof is roofs or rooves."Rooves" is an older form of the word and rarely used these days.Australian children right up to the 1980s,for example,were brought up with the word "rooves" rather than roofs,and it is still an accepted form in Australia today (though uncommon).Also,despite New Zealand English developing from UK English,it should be noted that in NZ,the plural of roof is rooves,in both its written and spoken form.
2.The accepted plural is "roofs".The Oxford English Dictionary lists "rooves" as an alternate,one of several outdated spellings used in the UK,and in New England as late as the 19th century.
語法規則如4樓所言,不再重復.但根據上面的資料看,也就是說,兩種拼寫在英語里都可以,只是roofs現在更常見,rooves老外也能明白,屬于過時的拼法.考試時應該不會真考這種有爭議的題.練習還可以接受.
PS:老師也是人,而且語言是很靈活的東西.看得出你是個學習較真兒的人,但向老師指正時態度應委婉些為好.
名詞的詞形變化
1.不規則復數形式
1)來自古英語的復數形式,如:
child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth goose---geese
man---men woman---women mouse---mice louse---lice
ox---oxen penny---pence analysis---analyses appendix---appendices
parenthesis---parentheses basis---bases ellipsis---ellipses
axis---axes hypothesis---hypotheses oasis---oases crisis----crises
criterion---criteria phenomenon---phenomena datum---data medium---media
bacterium---bacteria nucleus---nuclei fungus---fungi stimulus---stimuli
alumnus---alumni focus---foci radius---radii terminus---termini
larva---larvae alga---algae formula---formulae
#當代美國英語中往往把data當做單數用,因此常見到復數形式datas.另外,lens是一個單數可數名詞,其復數形式為lenses.
1)詞尾讀音為[f]并以-f或0-fe結尾的名詞復數形式有以下幾種情況:
a)規則形式:
belief---beliefs chief----chiefs cliff----cliffs grief----griefs
b)不規則形式,即把-f或-fe變成-v,再加-es,讀音為[vz]:
calf---calves half---halves leaf----leaves life----lives
loaf---loaves self---shelves thief---thieves wife---wives
wolf---wolves
c)既可是規則形式又可是不規則形式:
dwarf---dwarfs/dwarves hoof---hoofs/hoves
scarf---scarfs/scarves wharf---wharfs/wharves
3)詞干以-o結尾的名次有三種情況:
a)附屬形式為-s:這類詞包括縮略詞kilos,photos;表示國籍或民族的詞Filipinos,Eskimos以及radios,solos,sopranos,
studios
b)復數形式為-es,如:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,Negroes.
c)復數有規則的和不規則的兩種形式,如:
cargo---cargos/cargoes mosquito---mosquitos/mosquitoes volcano---volacbos/volcanoes
2.單復數同形的名詞
1)某些動物名詞,如:deer,grouse,salmon,trout,carp,bison,sheep等
2)以-ese或-ss結尾的表示民族或國籍的名詞,如:Chinses,Japanese,Portuguese,Swiss,Vietnamese等
3)某些以-s結尾的名詞,如:barracks,corps,crossroads,gallows,headquarters,means,series,species,works等
4)某些表示計量單位的名詞,如:horsepower,hertz,kilohertz,li,mu等
其他一些名詞,如:aircraft,spacercarft,craft,offspring等.其中請特別注意-s結尾的單復數同形的名詞,它們是考試的重點!
3.不可數名詞
不可數名詞前一般不需要加定冠詞,永遠不能加不定冠詞!
例如下列用法均屬錯誤:
the mathematics the banking a cloth an equipment
不可數名詞作主語,謂語要用單數形式.
如:Water is important.
但如果不可數名詞前面被piece,drop,set等詞修飾時,謂語應該與piece,drop,set等的單復數形式保持一致
例如:Few drops of water are needed to save the flower.
下面是典型的不可數名詞,是應該熟記的!
air,smoke,steam,vapor,hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen,water,oil,soup,juice,ink,rain,snow,ice,tea,coffee,wine,sunlight,sunshine,
lightning,thunder,weather,darkness,heat,light,electricity,energy,power,sugar,salt,rice,corn,powder,flour,sand,dust,dirt,
garbage,grass,hair,furniture,luggage,clothing,mail,equipment,food,meat,fruit,bread,toast,stone,iron,copper,chalk,paper,
glass,wood,money,poetry,jewelry,machinery,weaponry,personnel,scenery,happiness,kindness,honesty,friendship,attention,wi
sdom,success,courage,bravery,health,wealth,ignorance,trouble,ease,luck,laughter,love,peace,news,information,knowledge,
intelligence,fun,pleasure,entertainment,enjoyment,recreation,relaxation,progress,room,work,homework,population,percent,
mathematics,econmics,statistics,meteorology,anthropology,architecture,physics,photography,ethics,politics,mechanics,
genetics,geology,geography,chemistry,philosophy,biology,history,music,English,measles,mumps,diabetes,malaria,pediatrics,
obsterics
請特別注意其中以-s結尾的不可數名詞,大家平時應該積累遇到的不可數名詞
!注意下列可數名詞!
poet poem essay newspaper machine weapon scene photograph photographer
英語中有許多名詞既可作可數,又可作不可數.如:hair作“人或動物的毛”的時候是可數名詞,作頭發解釋時是不可數名詞.判斷一個詞是否可數,除了記憶以外, 主要看題中該名詞的修飾詞來決定.如:much只能修飾不可數名詞
4.單數形式和復數形式的詞義不同的名詞
英語中有些名詞的復數形式的詞義不同于單數形式,如:
air(空氣)---air(氣派) arm(手臂)---arms(武器) ash(灰)---ashes(骨灰;廢墟)
authority(權利)---authorities(當局) cloth(織物)---clothes(衣服) content(含量)---contents(目錄)
custom(習慣)---customs(海關;關稅) damage(損害)---damages(賠償金) force(力量)---forces(武裝部隊)
glass(玻璃)---glasses(眼鏡) good(利益)---goods(貨物) green(綠色)---greens(青菜)
letter(字母)---letters(文學) manner(方式)---manners(舉止,儀態) minute(分鐘)---minutes(記錄)
pain(痛苦)---pains(勞苦) papaer(紙)---papers(文件) quarter(1/4)---quarter(宿舍)
spectacle(光景)---spectacles(眼鏡) spirit(精神)--- spirits(烈性酒) time(時間)---times(時代)
water(水)---waters(水域) wood(木頭)---woods(森林) work(工作)---works(工廠)
總結
1.單數名詞不能單獨存在,一般前面應該有限定詞修飾.
2.不定冠詞a/an永遠只能修飾單數可數名詞.
3.every和each永遠只能修飾單數可數名詞.
但every+數詞+復數名詞是正確的,如:every ten years
4.序數詞后面一般使用單數可數名詞.
5.anther永遠只修飾單數可數名詞
但another+數詞/few+復數名詞是正確的,如:another eight years;another few books
6.other通常修飾復數名詞,也可修飾不可數名詞.
但the other+is/was 單數名詞或any other+單數名詞是正確的,如
We have two girls in this team.One is Mary,the other is Alice.
Henry Smith is taller than any other student in his class.
7.下列詞和短語只能修飾復數名詞
these,those,many,various,several,numerous,diverse,few,a few,both,a (good/large/great) number of,numbers of,one of
8.大于1的詞數只能修飾復數名詞
!牢記的結構:one/two/many+of+限定詞+復數名詞!
9.只能修飾單數可數名詞的詞:
one,anther,a/an,this,that,each,every,either,such a,many a
!注意!many student以及many a student
10.只能修飾復數可數名詞的詞:
>1的數字(two,six.),hundred,thousand,million,both,several,many,few,a few,these,those,a (good/large/great) number of
numbers of,the numberof,numbers of,numerous,various,diverse,a series of,a wide range of,a collevtion of
11.只修飾不可數名詞的詞:
much,little,a litter,a great deal of,a great amount of,a piece of,an article of
12.既可修飾不可數又能修飾可數的詞:
all (of) a lot of some (of) lots of any (of)
plenty of most (of) half (of) a wealth of (a) part of
enough (of) the rest of other one third of such
no a variety of
fingers
vt.伸出;用手指撥弄
vi.用指觸摸;撥弄
TV是“電視”沒有復數形式 .電視機是TV set,復數形式是TV sets.
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